{"id":2370,"date":"2025-01-20T20:52:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T17:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/?p=2370"},"modified":"2025-01-20T20:52:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T17:52:20","slug":"makine-ogrenmesi-ve-sagkalim-analizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/makine-ogrenmesi-ve-sagkalim-analizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Makine \u00d6\u011frenmesi ve Sa\u011fkal\u0131m Analizi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi, son y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok alanda devrim niteli\u011finde ilerlemeler sa\u011flayan ve verilerden \u00f6\u011frenerek tahmin yapma veya karar alma yetene\u011fi sunan bir yapay zeka dal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0131p, end\u00fcstri, finans ve sosyoloji gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda uygulama bulan makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi, karma\u015f\u0131k problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmede ve b\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerinden anlaml\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar elde etmede etkin bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r. <!--more-->Sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi, makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi ile birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, sans\u00fcrl\u00fc veri gibi geleneksel istatistik y\u00f6ntemlerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 zor olan durumlar i\u00e7in etkili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Sa\u011fkal\u0131m Analizi Nedir?<\/h3>\n<p>Sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi, bir olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreyi tahmin etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir istatistiksel yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Genellikle t\u0131p alan\u0131nda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerleme s\u00fcresi, tedavi etkinli\u011fi veya bir cihaz\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc gibi konularda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, sosyoloji, \u00e7evre bilimleri ve ekonomi gibi alanlarda da yayg\u0131n olarak uygulan\u0131r. Geleneksel sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi istatistiksel y\u00f6ntemlere dayan\u0131rken, son y\u0131llarda makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n bu alana entegrasyonu, analizlerdeki g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi ve tahmin performans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Makine \u00d6\u011frenmesi ile Sa\u011fkal\u0131m Analizi<\/h3>\n<p>Makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi, sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da y\u00f6ntem ve model sunar. Bu y\u00f6ntemler, sans\u00fcrl\u00fc veri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu veri setleriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilme kapasiteleri sayesinde dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi y\u00f6ntemlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h4>1. Rassal Sa\u011fkal\u0131m Orman\u0131 (Random Survival Forest &#8211; RSF)<\/h4>\n<p>RSF, rassal orman y\u00f6nteminin sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi i\u00e7in uyarlan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir versiyonudur. Bu y\u00f6ntem, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerinde sans\u00fcrl\u00fc verilere dayal\u0131 olarak tahmin yapabilir. RSF, k\u00fcm\u00fclatif tehlike fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 topluluk tahmini yoluyla hesaplar ve tehlike fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 orant\u0131sal k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale getirir.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Ekstra Sa\u011fkal\u0131m A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 (Extra Survival Trees &#8211; EST)<\/h4>\n<p>EST, a\u011fa\u00e7 temelli algoritmalarda \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in rastgele b\u00f6l\u00fcnme noktalar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, t\u00fcm veri seti \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak daha az \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 modeller olu\u015fturur. EST, genellikle Kaplan-Meier tahmincisiyle sa\u011fkal\u0131m fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin eder.<\/p>\n<h4>3. Gradyanla G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f Modeller (Gradient Boosted Models &#8211; GBM)<\/h4>\n<p>GBM, zay\u0131f \u00f6\u011frenicileri iteratif olarak birle\u015ftirerek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir model olu\u015fturur. Sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizinde olay s\u00fcrelerini ve sans\u00fcrl\u00fc veriyi dikkate alarak \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc tahminler sunar. GBM, gradyan azaltma y\u00f6ntemiyle model hatalar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve \u00f6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k veri setlerinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi tabanl\u0131 sa\u011fkal\u0131m analizi, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>T\u0131p:<\/strong> Hastal\u0131k ilerleme s\u00fcreleri, tedavi etkinli\u011fi ve hasta sa\u011fkal\u0131m tahminleri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>End\u00fcstri:<\/strong> Mekanik par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc ve ar\u0131za tahminleri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ekonomi:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fsizlik s\u00fcreleri ve finansal risk tahminleri.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sosyoloji:<\/strong> Sosyal davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n analiz edilmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: <\/strong>MAKI\u0307NE O\u0308G\u0306RENI\u0307MI\u0307 YO\u0308NTEMLERI\u0307 I\u0307LE SAG\u0306KALIM ANALI\u0307ZI\u0307, Dokuz Eylu\u0308l U\u0308niversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitu\u0308su\u0308 Yu\u0308ksek Lisans Tezi, I\u0307statistik, Anabilim Dal\u0131 Veri Bilimi Program\u0131, Ak\u0131n C\u0327ag\u0306atay C\u0327ALIS\u0327KAN, Eylu\u0308l, 2024 I\u0307ZMI\u0307R<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi, son y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok alanda devrim niteli\u011finde ilerlemeler sa\u011flayan ve verilerden \u00f6\u011frenerek tahmin yapma veya karar alma yetene\u011fi sunan bir yapay zeka dal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0131p, end\u00fcstri, finans ve sosyoloji gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda uygulama bulan makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi, karma\u015f\u0131k problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmede ve b\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerinden anlaml\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar elde etmede etkin bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,21,20],"tags":[458,600,601,602,108,603],"class_list":["post-2370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","category-blog","category-yazilar","tag-is-dunyasi","tag-makine-ogrenimi-nedir","tag-sagkalim-analizi","tag-sagkalim-nedir","tag-son-dakika","tag-tipta-makine-ogrenimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2370","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2370"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2370\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2372,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2370\/revisions\/2372"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2370"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2370"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2370"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}