Son zamanlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a duyar oldu\u011fumuz bir kavram n\u00f6roplastisite. Peki asl\u0131nda nedir ve hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar nelerdir? Sizler i\u00e7in derledim.<\/p>\n
Yunancadaki \u201cplaistikos\u201d terimine dayanmakta olan n\u00f6roplastisite kavram\u0131, \u015fekillendirmek, bi\u00e7im vermek anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudu \u00f6zelinde ise, merkezi sinir sisteminin \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fimlere kar\u015f\u0131 uyum g\u00f6sterebilme yetene\u011fini ifade etmektedir. Biraz daha a\u00e7acak olursak, insan beynindeki n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n ve n\u00f6ronlar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131n, yani sinapsalar\u0131n v\u00fccudun i\u00e7inden ya da d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen uyaranlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 i\u015flevsel ve yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fikliklerdir ( Rakic, 1985a: s.1054-1056). Daha \u00f6zet bir tan\u0131mla, beyin h\u00fccrelerinin de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6sterebilme yetisine n\u00f6roplastisite diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n
N\u00f6roplastisite terimi ilk olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 120 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen bir ilgiye mazhar olmu\u015ftur. Genel olarak n\u00f6roplastisite alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n temel amac\u0131 haf\u0131zan\u0131n daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale getirilebilmesidir, bir bak\u0131ma beyin hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tedavi edilebilmesidir (Rakic, 1985b: s.193-211). N\u00f6ronlar i\u00e7 ya da d\u0131\u015f etkilerle harekete ge\u00e7ip, farkl\u0131 n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 uyar\u0131p, onlarda plastik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. \u00c7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan farkl\u0131 ve yeni aktivitelerin n\u00f6roplastisiteyi \u00e7ok daha fazla etkiledi\u011fi ve \u00e7ocukluk ya\u015flar\u0131nda m\u00fczik gibi farkl\u0131 becerilere y\u00f6nlendirilen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n beyinlerinin motor ve i\u015fletme b\u00f6lgelerindeki geli\u015fmelerin di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklara oranla daha fazla oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir (Rakic, 1985b: s.193-211). Baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar insan beyninin do\u011fum \u00f6ncesinden eri\u015fkinli\u011fe kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7te daha fazla geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu sebeple 6 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar sinapslar daha fazla olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra sinapslar h\u0131zla azalmaya ba\u015flar ve ileri ya\u015flarda artarak devam eder ( Stahl, 2000).<\/p>\n
Gen\u00e7ler Do\u011fa ile Etkile\u015fime Ge\u00e7sin!<\/strong><\/p>\n Gen\u00e7lerin beyinlerindeki sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131, yeti\u015fkinlere oranla y\u00fczde elli daha fazlad\u0131r. Bu nedenle gen\u00e7ler beyin al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 konusunda yeti\u015fkinlerden daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Ergenlik d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fimler sonucunda hem n\u00f6ron say\u0131lar\u0131nda hem de sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131nda azalmalar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, zay\u0131f olunan alanlar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmazsa, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmayan yap\u0131lar\u0131n kendini yok eder. Bu sebeple her bireyin beyin-temelli de\u011ferlendirmelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve buna g\u00f6re e\u011fitilmesi \u00fcniversite \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 e\u011fitim hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (Do\u0131dge, 2009: s.265).<\/p>\n Hayvanlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan deneyler, zengin \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n geli\u015fiminde olumlu sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 durum insanlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. \u00c7evresel uyaranlar\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan beyninin geli\u015fimini olumlu etkileyen bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Zengin \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar daha iyi \u00f6\u011frenebilmenin temelini olu\u015fturur (Do\u0131dge, 2009: s.268).<\/p>\n T\u00fcm bu bilgilerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki do\u011fada daha \u00e7ok vakit ge\u00e7iren, zengin do\u011fal ve \u00e7evresel uyaranlar\u0131 inceleyen her ya\u015ftan insan\u0131n beyin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenme kapasitesi olumlu y\u00f6nde etkilenecektir. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n kitap okuma, do\u011fada vakit ge\u00e7irme, g\u00f6zlem yapma gibi aktiviteleri desteklendik\u00e7e, \u00f6\u011frenme becerileri de artacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00f6ksel Aksel<\/p>\n Son zamanlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a duyar oldu\u011fumuz bir kavram n\u00f6roplastisite. Peki asl\u0131nda nedir ve hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar nelerdir? Sizler i\u00e7in derledim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,68,21,20],"tags":[474,37,458,475,473,476],"class_list":["post-2271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber","category-is-dunyasi","category-blog","category-yazilar","tag-beyin-gelisimi","tag-goksel-aksel","tag-is-dunyasi","tag-noronlar","tag-noropastisite","tag-sinaps-nedir"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2271"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2274,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2271\/revisions\/2274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gokselaksel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/h6>\n
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Ana Kaynak:<\/strong> N\u00d6ROPLAST\u0130S\u0130TE\u2019N\u0130N G\u00dcNDEL\u0130K HAYATA, \u00d6RG\u00dcT PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130NE, E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M – \u00d6\u011eRET\u0130M ALANINA UYGULANAB\u0130L\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 VE \u00d6\u011eRENME – BELLEK, K\u0130\u015e\u0130SEL GEL\u0130\u015e\u0130M, PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130K VE N\u00d6ROLOJ\u0130K FAKT\u00d6RLER \u00dcZER\u0130NE ETK\u0130LER\u0130N\u0130 ORTAYA KOYMAYI SA\u011eLAYACAK E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M PROGRAMI VE B\u0130R UYGULAMA, NALAN SABIR TA\u015eTAN, 2015<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"